Dementia Interventions

Topics are organized alphabetically.

 

Activity Program

  • Bowlby, Carol. (1993). Therapeutic activities with persons disabled by Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.

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Acupressure

  • Chen, Y. (1992,) Clincial research on treating senile dementia by combining acupuncture with acupoint-injection. Acupuncture & Electrotherapeutics Research, 17(2), 61-73.

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Aroma Therapy

Journal Articles

  • Holmes, C., Hopkins, V., Hensford, C., MacLaughlin, V., Wilkinson, D.,& Rosenvinge, H. (2002). Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behavior in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(4), 305-308.
  • Flanagan, N. (1995) The clinical use of aromatherapy in Alzheimer’s patients. Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 377-80.
  • MacMahon, S., & Kermode, S. (1998). A clinical trial of the effectof aromatherapy on motivational behavior in a dementia care setting using a single subject design. Aust J Holist Nurs, 5(2) 47-49.
  • Maloney, C.C. & Daily, T. (1986) Eclectic group program for nursing home residents with dementia. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics,4(3), 55-80.
  • Tobin, P. (1995) Aromatherapy and its application in the management of people with dementia. Lamp, 52(5), 34.

Websites

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Behavioral Programming

  • Cohen-Mansfield, J., Werner, P., Culpepper, W. J. n., & Barkley,D. (1997). Evaluation of an in-service training program on dementia andwandering. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 23(10), 40-47.
  • Cohn, Margaret. (1994) The A-B-Cs of Behavior Change: Skills for Workingwith Behavior Problems in Nursing Homes. State College, Pennsylvania:Venture Pub.
  • DeYoung, S., Just, G., & Harrison, R. (2002). Decreasing aggressive,agitated, or disruptive behavior: participation in a behavior management unit. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 28(6), 22-31.
  • Hagen, B., & Sayers, D. (1995) When Caring Leaves Bruises: The Effectsof Staff Education on Resident Aggression. Journal of Gerontological Nursing.21(11), 7-17.
  • Kaasalainen, S. (2002). Staff development and long-term care of patientswith dementia. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 28(7), 39-46.
  • Kaplan, M., & Hoffman, S. (1998) Behaviors in Dementia: Best Practicesfor Successful Management. Baltimore, Maryland: Health Professions Press.
  • Mintzer, J. E. et al. (1997). Effectiveness of a continuum of careusing brief and partial hospitalization for agitated dementia patients.Psychiatr Serv, 48(11), 1435-1439.

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Communication Programs

  • Santo Pietro, M.J., & Boczko, F. (1998) Results of a study examiningthe effectiveness of a multi-modality group communication treatment. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease,146-158.
  • Tappen, R., et. al. (1997) Communicating with individuals with Alzheimer’s disease: examination of recommended strategies. Archives of PsychiatricNursing, 11(5), 249-256.
  • Touzinsky, L. (1998) Validation Therapy: restoring communication betweenpersons with Alzheimer’s disease and their families. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 13(2), 96-101.
  • http://www.ec-online.net/Knowledge/Articles/communication.html

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Environmental Modification

  • Eriksson, S. (2000). Impact of the environment on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 12(Suppl1), 89-91.
  • Kittur, S. D., & Ruskin, P. (1999). Environmental modification for treatment +of agitation in Alzheimer’s patients. NeuroRehabilitation-,12, 211-214.
  • Luxenberg, J. S. (1997). Environmental Modifications Tailored for theDementia Patient. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry, 2(2), 132-137.

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Gentlecare

  • (1997) Gentlecare: changing the experience of Alzheimer disease in apositive way, Bibliotheca medica Canadiana. 18(4), 1.

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Horticulture

  • Bassen, S., & Baltazar, V. (1997). Flowers, flowers everywhere:creative horticulture programming at the Hebrew Home for the Aged at Riverdale.Geriatric Nursing, 18(2), 53-56.
  • Ebel, S. (1991) Designing stage-specific horticulture therapy interventions for patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture,5.
  • Hewson, M.L.(1995) Plant projects for patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Gaithersburg, MD: American Horticulture Association, 1995.
  • Hoover, R. (1995) Healing gardens & Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 10(2), 1-9.

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Massage

  • Mayers, K. (1994) Calming the agitated demented patient: use of self-soothing techniques. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Care and Related Disorders& Research, 9(4), 2-5.
  • Nelson, D. (1995) The use of massage therapy in Alzheimer’s care.Massage Magazine, 35(1).
  • Rowe, M., & Alfred, D. (1999). The effectiveness of slow-stroke massage in diffusing agitated behaviors in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 25(6), 22-34.
  • Snyder, M., Egan, El. C., & Burns, K.R. (1995). Efficacy of hand massage in decreasing agitation behaviors associated with care activitiesin persons with dementia. Geriatric Nursing, 16(2), 60-63.
  • Snyder, M., Egan, E.C., & Burns, K.R. (1995) Interventions for decreasingagitation behaviors in persons with dementia. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 21(7), 34-40.

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Memory Aids

  • Bourgeois, M. S. (1990). Enhancing conversation skills in patients with Alzheimer’s disease using a prosthetic memory aid. J Appl Behav Anal,23(1), 29-42.
  • Camp, C. J, Foss, J. W., O’Hanlon, A. M., & Stevens, A. B. (1996).Memory interventions for persons with dementia. Applied Cognitive Psychology,10(3), 193-210.
  • Cherry, K. E., Simmons, D’Gerolamo., & Shannon. S. (1999). Effects of a target object orientation task on recall in older adults with probableAlzheimer’s disease. Clinical-Gerontologist, 20(4), 39-63.
  • Clare, L., Wilson, B. A., Carter, G., Breen, K., Gosses, A., &Hodges, J. R. (2000). Intervening with everyday memory problems in dementia of Alzheimer type: an errorless learning approach. Journal of Clinicaland Experimental Neuropsychology, 22(1), 132-146.
  • Namazi, K. H., Rosner, T. T., & Rechlin, L. (1991). Long-term memorycuing to reduce visuo-spatial disorientation in Alzheimer’s disease patients in a special care unit. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Care and RelatedDisorders and Research, 6(6), 10-15.
  • McPherson, A. F., Sdogati,C., Cesaroni,F., Tartaglini,B., & Lindesay,J.(2001). Effects of individualized memory aids on the conversation of persons with severe dementia: A pilot study. Aging and Mental Health, 5(3), 289-294.
  • Nolan, B. A. D., Mathews, R. M., & Harrison, M. (2001). Using external memory aids to increase room finding by older adults with dementia. Activities-Directors’ Quarterly for Alzheimer’s and Other Dementia Patients, 2(4), 13-17.
  • Werner, P. (2000). Assessing the effectiveness of a memory club for elderly persons suffering from mild cognitive deterioration. ClinicalGerontologist, 22, 3-14.

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Miscellaneous

  • Finnema, E.J., et al. (1998). The design of a large-scale experimental study into the effect of emotion-oriented care on demented elderly and professional careers in nursing homes. Archives-of-Gerontology-and-Geriatrics,Supple 6, 193-200.
  • Kovach, C. R., Weissman, D. E., Griffie, J., Matson, S., & Muchka,S. (1999). Assessment and treatment of discomfort for people with late-stage dementia. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 18(6), 412-419.

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Music Therapy

Journal Articles

  • Ashida, S. (2000). The effect of reminiscence music therapy sessions on changes in depressive symptoms in elderly persons with dementia. Journal of Music Therapy, 37(3), 170-182.
  • Gardiner, J. C., Furois, M., Tansley, D. P., & Morgan, B. (2000).Music therapy and reading as intervention strategies for disruptive behavior in dementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 22(1), 31-46.
  • Groene, R. W. (1993). Effectiveness of music therapy 1:1 intervention with individuals having Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type. Journal of Music Therapy, 30(3), 138-157.
  • Groene, R. W. (1993). Effectiveness of music therapy intervention with individuals having senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. University of Minnesota.
  • Johnson, J. K., Cotman, C. W., Tasaki, C. S., & Shaw, G. L. (1998).Enhancement of spatial-temporal reasoning after a Mozart listening condition in Alzheimer’s disease: a case study. Neurol Res, 20(8), 666-672.
  • Koger, S. M., & Brotons, M. (2000). Music therapy for dementia symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3.
  • Koger, S. M., Chapin, K., & Brotons, M. (1999). Is music therapy an effective intervention for dementia? A meta-analytic review of literature.Journal of Music Therapy, 36(1), 2-15.
  • Runci, S., Doyle, C., & Redman, J. (1999). An empirical test of language-relevant interventions for dementia. International Psychogeriatrics,11(3), 301-311.

Websites

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Music Therapy & Massage

Journal Article

  • Snyder, M., & Olson, J. (1996). Music and hand massage interventionsto produce relaxation and reduce aggressive behaviors in cognitively impaired elders: A pilot study. Clinical Gerontologist, 17(1), 64-69.

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Nutritional Supplements/Meal Modification

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Pain management

  • Bachino, C., Snow, A. L., Kunik, M. E., Cody, M., & Wristers, K.(2001). Principles of pain assessment and treatment in non-communicative demented patients. Clinical Gerontologist, 23(3-4), 97-115.
  • Billings, J. A. (2000). Recent advances: Palliative care. British MedicalJournal, 321(7260), 555-558.

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Pet Therapy

Journal Articles

  • Draper, R. J., Gerber, G. J., & Layng, E. M. (1990). Defining therole of pet animals in psychotherapy. Psychiatr J Univ Ott, 15(3), 169-172.
  • Greer, K. L., Pustay, K. A., Zaun, T. C., & Coppens, P. (2001).A comparison of the effects of toys versus live animals on the communication of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Clinical Gerontologist,24(3-4), 157-182.
  • Kanamori, M., et al. (2001). Day care program and evaluation of animal-assistedtherapy (AAT) for the elderly with senile dementia. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 16 (4), 234-239.
  • Katsinas, R. P. (2000). Use and implications of a canine companionin a therapeutic day program for nursing home residents with dementia.Adaptation and Aging, 25(1), 13-30.
  • Zisselman, M. H., Rovner, B. W., Shmuely, Y., & Ferrie, P. (1996).A pet therapy intervention with geriatric psychiatry inpatients. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 50(1), 47-51.

Websites

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Reality Orientation

  • Ferrario, E., et al. (1991). Reality orientation therapy in institutionalizedelderly patients: Preliminary results. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics,2, 139-142.
  • Finnema, E. J., et al. (1998). The design of a large-scale experimental study into the effect of emotion-oriented care on demented elderly andprofessional careers in nursing homes. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics,6, 193-200.
  • Holden, U. P., & Woods, R. T. (1982). Reality orientation: psychological approaches to the confused elderly. New York, NY and Edinburgh, Scotland:Churchill Livingstone.
  • Johnson, C. H., McLaren, S. M., & McPherson, F. M. (1981). The comparative effectiveness of three versions of ‘classroom’ reality orientation. AgeAgeing, 10(1), 33-35.
  • Metitieri, T., et al. (2001). Reality Orientation Therapy to delay outcomesof progression in patients with dementia: A retrospective study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 15(5), 471-478.
  • Mitchel, S. (1980). A reassessment of the effectiveness of reality orientationfor the confused aged. Long Term Care Health Serv Adm Q, 4(2), 103-114.
  • Phillips, E. & Elias, J.W. (1980) Combining sensory stimulationwith reality orientation to promote sensory orientation. American HealthCare Association Journal, 6(1), 48-50.
  • Reeve, W., & Ivison, D. (1985). Use of environmental manipulationand classroom and modified informal reality orientation with institutionalized,confused elderly patients. Age Ageing, 14(2), 119-121.
  • Scanland, S.G. & Emershaw, L.E. (1993) Reality orientation and validationtherapy: dementia, depression, and functional status. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 19(6), 7-11.
  • Spector, A., Davies, S., Woods, B., & Orrell, M. (2000). Realityorientation for dementia: A systematic review of the evidence of effectivenessfrom randomized controlled trials. Gerontologist, 40(2), 206-212.
  • Spector, A., Orrell, M., Davies, S., & Woods, B. (2000). Realityorientation for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4.
  • Spector, A., Orrell, M., Davies, S., & Woods, B. (2001). Can realityorientation be rehabilitated? Development and piloting of an evidence-basedprogramme of cognition-based therapies for people with dementia. NeuropsychologicalRehabilitation, 11(3-4), 377-397. Williams, R., Reeve, W., Ivison, D.,& Kavanagh, D. (1987). Use of environmental manipulation and modified informal reality orientation with institutionalized, confused elderly subjects: a replication. Age and Ageing, 16(5), 315-318. Woods, R. T.(1992). What can be learned from studies on reality orientation? In Jones,Gemma & Miesen, Bere (Ed). Care giving in dementia: Research and applications.(pp. 121 136). New York, NY: Tavistock/Routledge.
  • Yesavage, J.A. & Karasu, T.B. (1982) Psychotherapy with elderlypatients. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 36(1), 41-55.
  • Zanetti, O., Bianchetti, A., & Trabucchi, M. (1998). Practice guidelinefor the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementiasof late life. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(10), 1461.
  • Zepelin, H., Wolfe, C. S., & Kleinplatz, F. (1981). Evaluation ofa yearlong reality orientation program. Gerontologist, 1981, 36(1), 70-77.

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Reminiscence

  • Bass, B. A., & Greger, L. M. (1996). Stimulus complexity in reminiscencetherapy and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory of a small group ofnursing-home residents. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82(3, Pt 1), 973-974.
  • Spector, A., Orrell, M., Davies, S., & Woods, R. T. (2000). Reminiscence therapy for dementia.Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4.
  • Thorgrimsen, L., Schweitzer, P., & Orrell, M. (2002). Evaluating reminiscence for people with dementia: A pilot study. Arts in Psychotherapy, 29(2), 93-97.

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Rocking Chair Therapy

  • Snyder, M., et al. (2001). A glider swing intervention for people with dementia. Geriatr Nurs, 22(2), 86-90.
  • Watson, N. M., Wells, T. J., & Cox, C. (1998). Rocking chair therapyfor dementia patients: its effect on psychosocial well-being and balance. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 13(6), 296-308.

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Special Care Units/Alzheimer’s Units

  • Bellelli, G., et al. (1998). Special care units for demented patients:A multicenter study. Gerontologist, 38(4), 456-462.
  • Bono, G., Raineri, C., Greco, L., Mauri, M., Maurizio Clerici, A.,& Merlo, P. (1997). Medium-term outcomes of Alzheimer patients inspecial care units. Functional Neurology: New Trends in Adaptive and Behavioral Disorders, 12(3-4), 219-220.
  • Buckwalter, K. C. (1991). Segregating the cognitively impaired: Aredementia units successful? In P. R. Katz & R. L. Kane (Eds.), Advances in long term care, Vol. 1 (pp. 43-60). New York, NY: Springer PublishingCo.
  • Frisoni, G. B., et al., (1998). Special care units for dementia in nursing homes: A controlled study of effectiveness. Archives of Gerontologyand Geriatrics, 6, 215-224.
  • Kovach, C. R., & Stearns, S. A. (1994). DSCUs: a study of behavior before and after residence. Journal-of-Gerontological-Nursing, 20(12),33-39.
  • Lawton, M. P., Van, H. K., Klapper, J., Kleban, M. H., Katz, I. R.,& Corn, Julie. (1998). Stimulation-retreat special care unit for elders with dementing illness. International-Psychogeriatrics, 10 (4), 379-395.
  • Lefroy, R.B., Hyndman, J. & Hobbs, M.S.T. (1997). Special Dementia Unit (hostel): review of the first eleven years operation. AustralianJournal on Ageing. 16(1), 16-19.
  • Leon, J., & Ory, M. G. (1999). Effectiveness of special care unit (SCU) placements in reducing physically aggressive behaviors in recently admitted dementia nursing home residents. American Journal of Alzheimer’sDisease, 14(5), 270-277.
  • Maslow, K. (1996). Relationship between patient characteristics andthe effectiveness of nonpharmacologic approaches to prevent or treat behavioral symptoms. International Psychogeriatrics, 8(Suppl 1), 73-76.
  • Roberts, J., Browne, G., Gafni, A., Varieur, M., Loney, P., & deRuijter, M. (2000). Specialized continuing care models for persons with dementia: A systematic review of the research literature. Canadian Journalon Aging, 19(1), 106-126.
  • Sloane, P.D., Lindeman, D.A., Phillips, C., Moritz, D.J., & Koch,G.(1995). Evaluating Alzheimer’s special care units: reviewing the evidence and identifying potential sources of study bias. Gerontologist, 35 (1),103-111.
  • Thomson, K., Turner, L.C., & Wiebe, P. (1993-94). How SCUs help residents with mental health problems. Journal of Long Term Care Administration,21(4), 25-29.

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Snoezelen

Journal Articles

  • Ashby, M., Lindsay, W.R., Pitcaithly, D., Broxholme, S., & Geelen,N. (1995). Snoezelen: its effects on concentration and responsiveness in people with profound multiple handicaps. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(7), 303-307.
  • Baker, R., Dowling, Z., Wareing, L.A., Dawson, J., & Assey, J.(1997). Snoelzelen: Its long term and short term effects on older people with dementia. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60(5), 213-218.
  • Lancioni, G. E., Cuvo, A. J., & O’Reilly, M. F. (2002). Snoezelen: An overview of research with people with disabilities and dementia. Disability and Rehabilitation: An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 24(4),175-184.
  • Pinkney, L. (1997). A comparison of the Snoezelen environment and a music relaxation group on the mood and behavior of patients with senile dementia. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60(5), 209-212.

Websites

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Therapeutic Touch

  • Aveyard, B., Sykes, M., & Doherty, D. (2002). Therapeutic touch in dementia care. Nurs Older People, 14(6), 20-21.
  • Woods, D. L. (1999). The effect of therapeutic touch on glucocorticoids and agitated behavior in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type.University of Washington.

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Therapeutic Touch & Massage

  • Snyder, M., Egan, E. C., & Burns, K. R. (1995). Interventions fordecreasing agitation behaviors in persons with dementia. Journal of GerontologicalNursing, 21(7), 34-40.

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Validation Therapy

  • Babins, L. (1998). Conceptual analysis of validation therapy. Int JAging Hum Dev, 26(3), 161-168.
  • Feil, N. (1993) The validation breakthrough: simple techniques for communicating with people with Alzheimer’s type dementia. Baltimore, MD: P. BrookesPublishers
  • Fine, J. I., & Rouse, B. S. (1995). Using validation techniquesto improve communication with cognitively impaired older adults. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 21(6), 39-45.
  • Morton, I., & Bleathman, C. (1991). The effectiveness of validation therapy in dementia: A pilot study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 6(5), 327-330.
  • Neal, M., & Briggs, M. (2000).Validation therapy for dementia.Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2.
  • Toseland, R. W., Diehl, M., Freeman, K., Manzanares, T., Naleppa, M.,& McCallion, P. (1997). The impact of validation group therapy on nursing home residents with dementia. Journal of Applied Gerontology,16(1), 31-50.